24 marks

Experimental skills

This chapter deals with the practical aspects of physics, including the use of various instruments and experimental methods.

31 Topics

25h prep

1.3% subject weight

31 Topics

Vernier callipers- its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaLeast count = 1 MSD - 1 VSD = 1 MSD / number of VSD.

Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaLeast count = pitch / number of circular divisions.

Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time.

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaGraph shows exponential decay of amplitude squared.

Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by principle of moments

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaSum of clockwise moments = Sum of anticlockwise moments.

Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaY = (MgL)/(πr²ΔL), using Searle's apparatus.

Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaT = rhρg/(2 cos θ)

Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body

2m3/10

📌 Key Formulaη = 2r²(ρ - σ)g / (9v_t)

Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaNewton's law of cooling verification.

Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube

2m3/10

📌 Key Formulav = 2f(l₂ - l₁)

Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaHeat lost = Heat gained, using calorimeter.

The resistivity of the material of a given wire using metre bridge

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaρ = R A / L, determined from metre bridge.

The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaR = V/I

Potentiometeri. Comparison of emf of two primary cells. ii. Determination of internal resistance of a cell

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaE₁/E₂ = l₁/l₂, r = R(l₁/l₂ - 1)

Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaG = (R₁R₂)/(R₁ - R₂), figure of merit k = I/θ

The focal length of; (i) Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and (ii) Convex lens, using the parallax method

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaMirror/lens formula used.

The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaGraph shows minimum deviation point.

Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaμ = real depth / apparent depth

Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaV-I characteristic plotting.

Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaPlot I vs V in reverse bias to find breakdown.

Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaInput and output characteristics, β = ΔI_C/ΔI_B

Identification of Diode. LED, Transistor. IC. Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaVisual identification based on appearance and markings.

Experiments using a multimeter

Using a multimeter to: (i) Identify the base of a transistor (ii) Distinguish between NPN and PNP type transistor (iii) See the unidirectional current in the case of a diode and an LED. (iv) Check the correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor, or IC)

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaMultimeter functions: voltage, current, resistance measurement, continuity test.

Atomic nucleus

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaComposition: protons and neutrons, radius R = R₀ A^(1/3).

Radioactivity- alpha. beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties

2m1/10

📌 Key Formulaα: He nucleus, β: electron, γ: high energy photon.

Radioactive decay law

2m2/10

📌 Key FormuladN/dt = -λN, N = N₀ e^{-λt}

Nuclear fission and fusion

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaFission: heavy nucleus splits, Fusion: light nuclei combine, both release energy.

Decay constant

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaλ = probability of decay per unit time.

Half-life and mean life

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulat½ = ln 2 / λ, τ = 1/λ

Binding energy and its calculation

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaBE = Δm c², BE per nucleon = BE/A

Moseley’s law

2m2/10

📌 Key Formula√ν ∝ (Z - b)

Characteristic and continuous X-rays

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaCharacteristic: due to electronic transitions, Continuous: due to deceleration.

24 marks

Experimental skills

This chapter deals with the practical aspects of physics, including the use of various instruments and experimental methods.

31 Topics

25h prep

1.3% subject weight

31 Topics

Vernier callipers- its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaLeast count = 1 MSD - 1 VSD = 1 MSD / number of VSD.

Screw gauge-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaLeast count = pitch / number of circular divisions.

Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time.

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaGraph shows exponential decay of amplitude squared.

Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by principle of moments

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaSum of clockwise moments = Sum of anticlockwise moments.

Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaY = (MgL)/(πr²ΔL), using Searle's apparatus.

Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaT = rhρg/(2 cos θ)

Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body

2m3/10

📌 Key Formulaη = 2r²(ρ - σ)g / (9v_t)

Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaNewton's law of cooling verification.

Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube

2m3/10

📌 Key Formulav = 2f(l₂ - l₁)

Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaHeat lost = Heat gained, using calorimeter.

The resistivity of the material of a given wire using metre bridge

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaρ = R A / L, determined from metre bridge.

The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaR = V/I

Potentiometeri. Comparison of emf of two primary cells. ii. Determination of internal resistance of a cell

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaE₁/E₂ = l₁/l₂, r = R(l₁/l₂ - 1)

Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaG = (R₁R₂)/(R₁ - R₂), figure of merit k = I/θ

The focal length of; (i) Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and (ii) Convex lens, using the parallax method

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaMirror/lens formula used.

The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaGraph shows minimum deviation point.

Refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaμ = real depth / apparent depth

Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaV-I characteristic plotting.

Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaPlot I vs V in reverse bias to find breakdown.

Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaInput and output characteristics, β = ΔI_C/ΔI_B

Identification of Diode. LED, Transistor. IC. Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaVisual identification based on appearance and markings.

Experiments using a multimeter

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaMultimeter functions: voltage, current, resistance measurement, continuity test.

Atomic nucleus

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaComposition: protons and neutrons, radius R = R₀ A^(1/3).

Radioactivity- alpha. beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties

2m1/10

📌 Key Formulaα: He nucleus, β: electron, γ: high energy photon.

Radioactive decay law

2m2/10

📌 Key FormuladN/dt = -λN, N = N₀ e^{-λt}

Nuclear fission and fusion

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaFission: heavy nucleus splits, Fusion: light nuclei combine, both release energy.

Decay constant

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaλ = probability of decay per unit time.

Half-life and mean life

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulat½ = ln 2 / λ, τ = 1/λ

Binding energy and its calculation

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaBE = Δm c², BE per nucleon = BE/A

Moseley’s law

2m2/10

📌 Key Formula√ν ∝ (Z - b)

Characteristic and continuous X-rays

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaCharacteristic: due to electronic transitions, Continuous: due to deceleration.