410 marks

Atomic structure

This chapter covers the development of atomic models, quantum mechanical model, and electronic configurations.

20 Topics

40h prep

3.3% subject weight

20 Topics

Photoelectric effect

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulahν = hν₀ + ½mv²

Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaPlum pudding and nuclear models.

Nature of electromagnetic radiation

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaWave nature, λν = c.

Spectrum of the hydrogen atom

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaRydberg formula.

Bohr model of a hydrogen atom

its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model

2m3/10

📌 Key Formular_n = n² a₀, E_n = -13.6/n² eV

Dual nature of matter

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaWave-particle duality.

De Broglie's relationship

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaλ = h/p

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaΔx Δp ≥ h/4π

Quantum mechanics

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaSchrödinger equation (conceptual).

The quantum mechanical model of the atom and its important features

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaOrbitals, quantum numbers.

Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaψ, ψ² gives probability.

Variation of Ψ and Ψ^2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaRadial probability distribution.

Various quantum numbers and their significance

Principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulan, l, m_l, m_s.

Shapes of s, p and d - orbitals

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaSpherical, dumbbell, etc.

Electron spin and spin quantum number

2m1/10

📌 Key Formulam_s = ±½

Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle

2m2/10

📌 Key Formula1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, etc.

Pauli's exclusion principle

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaNo two electrons have same set of four quantum numbers.

Hund's rule

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaElectrons fill degenerate orbitals singly first.

Electronic configuration of elements

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaWriting configurations for first 30 elements.

Extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaDue to symmetry and exchange energy.

410 marks

Atomic structure

This chapter covers the development of atomic models, quantum mechanical model, and electronic configurations.

20 Topics

40h prep

3.3% subject weight

20 Topics

Photoelectric effect

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulahν = hν₀ + ½mv²

Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaPlum pudding and nuclear models.

Nature of electromagnetic radiation

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaWave nature, λν = c.

Spectrum of the hydrogen atom

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaRydberg formula.

Bohr model of a hydrogen atom

its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model

2m3/10

📌 Key Formular_n = n² a₀, E_n = -13.6/n² eV

Dual nature of matter

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaWave-particle duality.

De Broglie's relationship

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaλ = h/p

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaΔx Δp ≥ h/4π

Quantum mechanics

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaSchrödinger equation (conceptual).

The quantum mechanical model of the atom and its important features

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaOrbitals, quantum numbers.

Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulaψ, ψ² gives probability.

Variation of Ψ and Ψ^2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaRadial probability distribution.

Various quantum numbers and their significance

Principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulan, l, m_l, m_s.

Shapes of s, p and d - orbitals

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaSpherical, dumbbell, etc.

Electron spin and spin quantum number

2m1/10

📌 Key Formulam_s = ±½

Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle

2m2/10

📌 Key Formula1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, etc.

Pauli's exclusion principle

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaNo two electrons have same set of four quantum numbers.

Hund's rule

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaElectrons fill degenerate orbitals singly first.

Electronic configuration of elements

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaWriting configurations for first 30 elements.

Extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaDue to symmetry and exchange energy.