510 marks

Hydrocarbons

This chapter covers alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, their preparation, properties, and reactions.

23 Topics

50h prep

3.3% subject weight

23 Topics

Isomerism

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaStructural and geometrical in alkenes.

Classification of hydrocarbons

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaAliphatic, aromatic.

IUPAC nomenclature

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaNaming hydrocarbons.

General methods of preparation, properties and reactions

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaFor alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene.

Alkanes - Conformations

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaEclipsed, staggered, Newman projections.

Alkanes - Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane)

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaRepresentations.

Alkanes - Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaFree radical mechanism.

Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulacis-trans, E/Z.

Alkenes - Mechanism of electrophilic addition

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaFormation of carbocation, Markovnikov's rule.

Alkenes - addition of hydrogen

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaHydrogenation.

Alkenes - addition of water

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaHydration to alcohol.

Alkenes - addition of hydrogen halides

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaMarkovnikov addition.

Markownikoffs and peroxide effect

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaAnti-Markovnikov addition with HBr in presence of peroxide.

Ozonolysis and polymerization

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaCleavage of alkenes, formation of polymers.

Alkynes - Acidic character

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaTerminal alkynes are weakly acidic.

Alkynes - Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaElectrophilic addition.

Alkynes - Polymerization

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaFormation of benzene from ethyne.

Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaCommon and IUPAC names.

Benzene - structure and aromaticity

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaDelocalization, Hückel rule.

Mechanism of electrophilic substitution

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaGeneral mechanism for SEAr.

Aromatic hydrocarbons - halogenation, nitration

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaReagents and conditions.

Friedel - Craft's alkylation and acylation

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaReactions, reagents, limitations.

Directive influence of the functional group in mono-substituted benzene

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaOrtho-para directing and meta directing groups.

510 marks

Hydrocarbons

This chapter covers alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, their preparation, properties, and reactions.

23 Topics

50h prep

3.3% subject weight

23 Topics

Isomerism

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaStructural and geometrical in alkenes.

Classification of hydrocarbons

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaAliphatic, aromatic.

IUPAC nomenclature

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaNaming hydrocarbons.

General methods of preparation, properties and reactions

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaFor alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene.

Alkanes - Conformations

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaEclipsed, staggered, Newman projections.

Alkanes - Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane)

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaRepresentations.

Alkanes - Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaFree radical mechanism.

Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism

2m2/10

📌 Key Formulacis-trans, E/Z.

Alkenes - Mechanism of electrophilic addition

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaFormation of carbocation, Markovnikov's rule.

Alkenes - addition of hydrogen

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaHydrogenation.

Alkenes - addition of water

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaHydration to alcohol.

Alkenes - addition of hydrogen halides

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaMarkovnikov addition.

Markownikoffs and peroxide effect

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaAnti-Markovnikov addition with HBr in presence of peroxide.

Ozonolysis and polymerization

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaCleavage of alkenes, formation of polymers.

Alkynes - Acidic character

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaTerminal alkynes are weakly acidic.

Alkynes - Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaElectrophilic addition.

Alkynes - Polymerization

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaFormation of benzene from ethyne.

Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature

2m1/10

📌 Key FormulaCommon and IUPAC names.

Benzene - structure and aromaticity

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaDelocalization, Hückel rule.

Mechanism of electrophilic substitution

2m3/10

📌 Key FormulaGeneral mechanism for SEAr.

Aromatic hydrocarbons - halogenation, nitration

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaReagents and conditions.

Friedel - Craft's alkylation and acylation

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaReactions, reagents, limitations.

Directive influence of the functional group in mono-substituted benzene

2m2/10

📌 Key FormulaOrtho-para directing and meta directing groups.